when they represented an influential minority within the Jewish population. About the end of the Herodian period, the Pharisees changed from a political group to a pietistic movement.49 An important event occurred when a radical group within the Pharisees split off, calling themselves Zealots (οἱ ζηλωταί [the zealous ones, the enthusiasts]) in the line of Phinehas (Num. 25) and Elijah (1 Kings 19:9–10). This group was formed in 6 CE under the leadership of the Galilean Judas of Gamala and the Pharisee